Dry heat sterilisation and depyrogenation
Dry heat sterilisation is widely used for glassware and materials that are not suitable for sterilisation using saturated steam. A range of temperatures and times are used. Currently a temperature of...
View ArticlePro bono heat processing consultancy services from DSFT
Dr Michael Mullan has been retired for several years but still continues to provide consultancy services on a pro bono basis if you have an interesting problem or project. These include: Independent...
View ArticleEffect of HTST treatment on the number of log10 reductions of major milk...
An article on thermal process modelling has been added. This article calculates the effect of HTST treatment on the number of log reductions of major milk pathogens and discusses the temperature milk...
View ArticleHow to calculate F or P values of thermal processes using Excel
MICROSOFT EXCEL LETHAL RATE CALCULATORS AND TEMPERATURE TIME INTEGRATORS FOR THERMAL PROCESSES Introduction This section provides the context to using Excel to calculate the cumulative lethal effects...
View ArticleModelling the destruction of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Can you destroy Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by pasteurization? How important is holding time compared with holding temperature? Use the powerful free tools in this section to...
View ArticleCalculators for determining the F or P value of a thermal process
The Dairy Science and Food Technology website contains several free, On Line calculators, for determining the cumulative lethality (F, B*, P or PU) of thermal processes, the concentration of Thermal...
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Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing of milk. Process lethality, chemical...
Summary This article investigates how to calculate the lethal effects of UHT treatment and the usefulness of TTIs for differentiating sterilised, direct and indirectly processed UHT-treated milk. The...
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How to derive an equivalent heat process at a higher (or lower) temperature
Introduction There will be occasions when a food manufacturer wishes to use a different, but equivalent lethal thermal process. How does the processor calculate the equivalent process? This article...
View ArticleThermal processing quiz to test knowledge of safe processing of food
Many students have problems in understanding the mathematics describing the destruction of microorganisms by heat. Log reductions of pathogens and equivalent time-temperature treatments along with the...
View ArticleDownload Ebook on the production of commercially sterile acid foods
Technologists producing acidic foods such as pickles and sauces often find it difficult to get information on the processing conditions required to obtain commercial sterility or how to calculate the...
View ArticleDownload spreadsheets for calculating F, B*, C* values of thermal processes
Introduction DSFT has an extensive range of free-On Line resources for undertaking a wide range of thermal process calculations including dry heat sterilisation (FH) and depyrogenation (FD or FP)....
View ArticleDifferences in Fo value when calculated using the Bigelow and Arrhenius methods
Introduction This article provides access to a calculator and an introduction to the mathematics derived by Dr Tomas Skoglund that enables the z-value, a term used in microbial thermal death time...
View ArticleHow do you calculate the z-value given two equivalent thermal processes?
Introduction As previously discussed (Mullan, 2016), there will be occasions when a food manufacturer who has been using two different but equivalent thermal processes from a lethality perspective...
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Predicting the effects of temperature on the D-value calculated using the...
Summary This article discusses two methods for calculating the D-value of a microorganism using the Bigelow and Arrhenius methods and provides access to a free calculator that enables the magnitude of...
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